When asked by David Lynn about the writers he most admires, he refers to Creation (2006) by the American biologist E. O. Wilson and explains that he sees this as putting ‘a hand out across the divide’ between science and religion. Water The use of water as a motif in the film version of Atonement is discussed more fully in ‘Performance and Adaptation’, but it is also relevant to analyse its usage in the novel here. Guilt, forgiveness and atonement Taking the lead from the title and Briony’s declaration that this novel is her last attempt at atoning for her sin of lying, the related themes of guilt, atonement and forgiveness are used ambiguously as it is never made entirely certain whether she is atoning for her sins or is using the sovereignty of the author, which she aligns with God, to construct this ordered world. He goes on to point out, nevertheless, that despite the title Briony does not achieve the proposed aim and is grateful for this: ‘The title of the book seems to suggest that Briony will do something by way of atonement, but nothing quite fitting that description seems to occur’ (Kermode, 2001). As Bradshaw suggests, whether it receives high boxoffice sales or not, the quality of the adaptation will ensure it a longevity of its own apart from its connection with the well-sold novel. He was also going to have her death as July 2001 when he finished writing it, but thought he should set the readers ‘down on terra firma’ instead (Lynn, 2007). They have become the Great Writers we have to read about; reading what they write appears to be optional’ (Moss, 2001). This exemplifies Briony’s self-flagellation wrapped up as atonement as well as an unspoken adherence to her sister over the rest of the family. The supposed grandeur of the country home, which is as flawed as the family who owns it, is, therefore, an apt background for deconstructing the privileged status of the upper middle classes. It is also related that nobody is ‘holding her back’ and yet she resists leaving not only as a form of ‘self-punishment’, but also because of a desire to be needed by the family and because of half-formed thoughts of Robbie (pp. (2006), AS/A-Level English Literature: ‘Atonement’. By highlighting its fictionality in this way, Atonement becomes another novel that exposes the role of the novelist while challenging readers’ expectations. 86 Ian McEwan’s Atonement Websites concerned with McEwan’s work www.ianmcewan.com, accessed 22 January 2009. These letters also act as a further textual layer embedded in a narrative that is already self-conscious about using words to give order to the past. The book has been awarded with Man Booker Prize Nominee (2001), James Tait Black Memorial Prize Nominee for Fiction (2001) and many others. He is working class, and the divide between him and the Tallises 44 Ian McEwan’s Atonement is broached by the education he has received. The pressure that is emphasized by the weather is also apparent in Emily’s thoughts as she tries to avoid having a migraine in Chapter 6: ‘She thought of the vast heat that rose above the house and park, and lay across the Home Counties like smoke, suffocating the farms and towns, and she thought of the baking railway tracks that were bringing Leon and his friend, and the roasting blackroofed carriage in which they would sit by an open window’ (p. 64). It is ironic, of course, that the author of a novel such as Atonement, which deconstructs the privileged status of the author while also reinforcing it, should ask to be believed about his writing practices. He refers to the unplanned appearance of Nettle and Mace in Part Two of Atonement as an example of this. Briony’s creation of tension comes when she accuses Robbie of the crime he did not commit, and in terms of the chronology of the story she has already done as Connolly suggests at the age of 13. It is repeated in Part One that she loves the thought of keeping secrets, but as an innocent child she has none to keep and her desire for order is central to her characterization at this point. Deveney, Catherine (2005), ‘First Love, Last Writes’, New Scotsman, 30 January. Both the lake and fountain represent the ambition of the family, though, even if the desired effect is not achieved. Morality is twisted or rejected, as in the story ‘Homemade’, which is included in First Love, Last Rites and was his first publication after being accepted by The New American Review. The disappointment that doubtless accompanies the news that we are asked to believe this has been Briony’s creation all along may be contrasted with how this alters the interpretation of the novel for the better as yet another layer of meaning has been added.
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