“So it is really kind of horrifying to read things like this and realize they’re talking about human beings.”. More than 11 million survived to landfall in the Americas. Even in a report about a slave revolt, “the whole report is about a captain who’s trying to justify the fact that he’s lost some goods to his investors, and it really is just like he’s talking about merchandise,” he observes. In August 1518, King Charles I authorized Spain to ship enslaved people directly from Africa to the Americas. The rise of the Soviet Union, with its massive use of forced labour, and especially the Nazis’ vast conquests and enslavement of millions, presented a deeply troubling development in slavery’s history. Over three centuries, more than 12 million Africans were removed by Atlantic slave ships. Laws governing slave ships and colonial plantation slavery evolved, and all hinged on the concept of the slave as a thing. Spain may have increased the number of enslaved Africans it brought to the Caribbean after 1518 because the Native people it had previously enslaved there were dying from European disease and colonial violence. x���o�Ƒ���`ly%Y;����z�]�7q��� ��6O��C����ܯ��C����cD���뻪�k�]���w���7U��[���~��KM��{/�P��Ʃ�t�뿪�����3^t�TG���������YW�z�������?�����'tm[�]5V�T����V�{�C�C�`�S��_]z��%KU�T����Cy����Q�[Qu��i ���_fS7z���_�T��Z7�P���K�)B���Ԭz�ݿo�\��^�}��~p{_u�ݗ;����۷�ڿ��[^���}������k܍����K���A��?��y���?����]pW�Z��Vu`E ����g'j��V������^z����Yt/�;¬��3���P+`����,o�J�4��}�;���v��zP]*�����[8�~,̔�0k}��=$��E^Z�e��}�K���w/C��q���=���փt�������n&ͷ����L:c��b��Ý��.��?�˽�@��W8�0?d����|�)�'�\a*դtm�^*v\hx[��eek��3��~kɃ�z�y9A3�v���鱼��m�Ί�P����t_$��V�Y�. %PDF-1.3 It aimed to secure enslaved people for the labour markets of the Americas. A large percentage of the people taken captive were women in their childbearing years and young men who normally would have been starting families. Neither European free labour nor Amerindian labour (free or enslaved) was adequate to the tasks of mining precious metals or cultivating tropical and semi-tropical produce. It was one leg of the triangular trade route that took goods (such as knives, guns, ammunition, cotton cloth, tools, and brass dishes) from Europe to Africa, Africans to work as slaves in the Americas…. Report scam, Voyages: The Transatlantic Slave Trade Database, Moldy Church Records in Latin America Document the Lives of Millions of Slaves, Standing Together: The Humanities and the Experience of War, Chronicling America: History American Newspapers. Still, there were some free people of color in Spanish-American colonies, because race wasn’t yet as closely tied to slave status as it would be during American chattel slavery. After 1945, the drive to put an end to slavery was taken over by agencies of the United Nations. A range of cultural justifications were offered for the enslavement and transportation of Africans as slaves, while Europeans quickly developed the maritime skills and practices needed to transport Africans in large numbers across the Atlantic. During the early years of the transatlantic slave trade, the Portuguese generally purchased Africans who had been taken as slaves during tribal wars. In the 17th century, however, demand for slave labour rose sharply with the growth of sugar plantations in the Caribbean and tobacco plantations in the Chesapeake region in North America. In 1732 the first ship set sail for a triangular voyage. Economic incentives for warlords and tribes to engage in the slave trade promoted an atmosphere of lawlessness and violence. But is this an appropriate or accurate description?
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