[8] Columbus's refusal to accept that the lands he had visited and claimed for Spain were not part of Asia might explain, in part, why the American continent was named after the Florentine explorer Amerigo Vespucci and not after Columbus.[58][e]. After his death, his heirs sued the Crown for a part of the profits from trade with America, as well as other rewards. [29] It has also been written that "conversion of all people to the Christian faith" is a central theme in Columbus's writings which is a central tenet of some Millenarian beliefs. Mark McDonald, "Ferdinand Columbus, Renaissance Collector (1488–1539)", 2005, British Museum Press, sfn error: no target: CITEREFMorison1991 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFPhillips_JrPhillips1993 (, Sivin, Nathan (1984). Michele da Cuneo, Columbus's childhood friend from Savona, sailed with Columbus during the second voyage and wrote: "In my opinion, since Genoa was Genoa, there was never born a man so well equipped and expert in the art of navigation as the said lord Admiral. [8], Columbus always insisted, in the face of mounting evidence to the contrary, that the lands that he visited during those voyages were part of the Asian continent, as previously described by Marco Polo and other European travelers. Columbus was widely venerated in the centuries after his death, but public perception has fractured in recent decades as scholars give greater attention to the harm committed under his governance, particularly the near-extermination of Hispaniola's indigenous Taíno population from mistreatment and European diseases, as well as their enslavement. Outside the United States the name was used in 1819 for the Gran Colombia, a precursor of the modern Republic of Colombia. It was once believed that Columbus had discovered magnetic declination, but it was later shown that the phenomenon was already known, both in Europe and in China.[65][g]. [82] Columbus took more natives prisoner and continued his exploration. [157] After Cuba became independent following the Spanish–American War in 1898, the remains were moved back to the Cathedral of Seville, Spain,[157] where they were placed on an elaborate catafalque. The governor, Nicolás de Ovando y Cáceres, detested Columbus and obstructed all efforts to rescue him and his men. Columbus then sailed more than 100 kilometres (62 miles) eastwards along the northern coast of Hispaniola, establishing a new settlement, which he called La Isabela, in the present-day Dominican Republic. The transfers between the Old World and New World that followed his first voyage are known as the Columbian exchange. Koning, Hans. After a two-day standoff, the prisoners were released, and Columbus again set sail for Spain.[87]. The Catholic Monarchs, however, having completed an expensive war in the Iberian Peninsula, were eager to obtain a competitive edge over other European countries in the quest for trade with the Indies. [78] He kept sailing along the northern coast of Hispaniola with a single ship, until he encountered Pinzón and the Pinta on 6 January. After facing a lot of problems with the ship and the crew, Columbus sailed back to Spain in 1504. [citation needed], Furthermore, most scholars accepted Ptolemy's estimate that Eurasia spanned 180° longitude, rather than the actual 130° (to the Chinese mainland) or 150° (to Japan at the latitude of Spain). [72][i] Columbus wrote of the indigenous people he first encountered in his journal entry of 12 October 1492: Many of the men I have seen have scars on their bodies, and when I made signs to them to find out how this happened, they indicated that people from other nearby islands come to San Salvador to capture them; they defend themselves the best they can. "[187], Washington Irving's 1828 biography of Columbus popularized the idea that Columbus had difficulty obtaining support for his plan because many Catholic theologians insisted that the Earth was flat,[188] but this is a popular misconception which can be traced back to 17th-century Protestants campaigning against Catholicism. He had three brothers named Bartolomeo, Giovanni Pellegrino and Giacomo and a sister, Bianchinetta. In the same year, Christopher was on a Genoese ship hired in the service of René of Anjou to support his attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Naples. To demonstrate his confidence in the new Columbian commemorative issues Wanamaker purchased $10,000 worth of stamps with his own money. For a long time, he pursued the Portuguese and Spanish kings but they did not support his plans. "Celebrating Columbus Day". Columbus based himself in Lisbon from 1477 to 1485. His brother Bartholomew was an explorer, but it is not known what happened to the others. Christopher Columbus: Early Life. When did organ music become associated with baseball? [109] In February 1495, he took over 1,500 Arawaks, some of whom had rebelled against the oppression of the colonists,[78][110] and many of whom were subsequently released or taken by the Caribs. Through his four significant voyages he not only discovered new land masses, but also initiated Spanish colonization and the establishment of several new societies. [105][209] Some historians have argued that, while brutal, Columbus was simply a product of his time, and being a figure of the 15th century, should not be judged by the morality of the 20th century. [35][71] Columbus called this island (in what is now the Bahamas) San Salvador (meaning "Holy Savior"); the natives called it Guanahani. Columbus's brother Diego warned Margarit to follow the admiral's orders, which provoked him to take three caravels back to Spain.
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